Gynaecological cancer is estimated to account for around 9.4% of cancers diagnosed in 2025 and around 9.8% of female deaths from cancer (AIHW). Gynaecological cancer incidence has gradually increased to an estimated 49 cases per 100,000 females in 2025. Putting gynaecological cancer as the fourth most common cancer faced by Australian women (after breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma). Five-year survival for gynaecological cancers has improved from 63% in 1987–1991 to 71% in 2017–2021. There is substantial variation in survival between different types of gynaecological cancers.
Gynaecological cancers are named according to the organ or part of the body where they first develop – that is, the ovary, uterus, cervix, vagina or vulva, and placental during pregnancy. In Australia, one in 23 women will develop a gynaecological cancer at sometime in her lifetime. Uterine/endometrial cancer is the most prevalent form (49.6%), followed by ovarian (27.4%), cervical (13.4%), vulval (5.7%) & vaginal (1.7%).
